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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography
09:27

Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography

Published on: January 16, 2011

Crystallization of macromolecules.

David Friedmann1, Troy Messick2, Ronen Marmorstein1

  • 1Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Current Protocols in Protein Science
|November 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guide details X-ray crystallography methods for determining macromolecular structures. It covers sample preparation, crystallization trials, optimization, and seeding for growing larger crystals, overcoming common bottlenecks.

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Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
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Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography
09:27

Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography

Published on: January 16, 2011

Harvesting and Cryo-cooling Crystals of Membrane Proteins Grown in Lipidic Mesophases for Structure Determination by Macromolecular Crystallography
18:45

Harvesting and Cryo-cooling Crystals of Membrane Proteins Grown in Lipidic Mesophases for Structure Determination by Macromolecular Crystallography

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Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
11:20

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

Published on: January 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • X-ray crystallography is crucial for determining macromolecular and macromolecular complex structures.
  • A significant challenge in X-ray crystallography is obtaining suitable crystalline samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive protocol for macromolecule crystallization.
  • To address the bottleneck in X-ray crystallography by outlining sample preparation and crystallization techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Purification and preparation of homogeneous macromolecular samples (proteins, nucleic acids, complexes).
  • Setting up and assessing crystallization trials.
  • Verification of crystal composition.
  • Optimization of crystallization conditions.
  • Seeding techniques for enhanced crystal growth.

Main Results:

  • Detailed protocols for each stage of the crystallization process.
  • Methods to confirm crystal identity and optimize growth conditions.
  • Techniques to obtain larger, high-quality crystals.

Conclusions:

  • Successful macromolecule crystallization is achievable through systematic sample preparation and optimization.
  • The outlined protocols facilitate overcoming common challenges in X-ray crystallography.
  • This unit provides a practical framework for advancing structural biology research.