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Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
Positive and Negative Feedback Loops01:18

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

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A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
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Published on: November 26, 2012

Speech production as state feedback control.

John F Houde1, Srikantan S Nagarajan

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|November 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

State feedback control (SFC) theory offers a new framework for understanding the neural basis of speech motor control. This model addresses limitations in previous approaches to central nervous system (CNS) control of speech production.

Keywords:
models of neural processesmodels of speech productionsensory feedbackspeech motor controlspeech neurophysiology

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Speech Science

Background:

  • Spoken language production involves complex neural processes controlling vocal tract muscles.
  • Current understanding of the central nervous system's (CNS) role in speech motor control has limitations.
  • State feedback control (SFC) theory is a successful model for non-speech motor control but underutilized in speech research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review characteristics of speech motor control.
  • To identify limitations in existing CNS models for speech.
  • To propose and describe an SFC model for speech motor control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of speech motor control characteristics.
  • Analysis of prior CNS models for speech motor control.
  • Development and description of a novel SFC model for speech motor control.

Main Results:

  • Existing models of CNS control in speech have inherent limitations.
  • An SFC model provides a framework to overcome these limitations.
  • The study outlines a plausible neural substrate for the proposed SFC model.

Conclusions:

  • SFC theory offers a promising approach to understanding the neural mechanisms of speech motor control.
  • The proposed SFC model addresses limitations of previous models.
  • Further research into the neural underpinnings of SFC in speech is warranted.