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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
09:58

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

CARM1 mediates modulation of Sox2.

Hai-yong Zhao1, Yan-jun Zhang, Hui Dai

  • 1National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Plos One
|November 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Sox2, crucial for embryonic stem cell pluripotency, is directly methylated by CARM1. This arginine methylation enhances Sox2

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Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
09:58

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development
14:08

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development

Published on: January 26, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Transcription factor regulation

Background:

  • Sox2 is essential for maintaining embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency.
  • Sox2 function is modulated by various post-translational modifications.
  • CARM1 is a key protein arginine methyltransferase involved in ESCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct interaction and regulatory relationship between Sox2 and CARM1.
  • To elucidate the role of CARM1-mediated methylation in Sox2 function and ESC regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Co-immunoprecipitation assays to confirm Sox2-CARM1 association.
  • In vitro methylation assays to identify the specific methylation site on Sox2.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to assess Sox2 binding and methylation levels on chromatin.

Main Results:

  • CARM1 directly associates with and methylates Sox2.
  • Sox2 is methylated by CARM1 at arginine 113, enhancing its self-association.
  • Chromatin retention of Sox2 influences its methylation status, suggesting a feedback mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • CARM1 directly regulates Sox2 through arginine methylation.
  • This methylation event enhances Sox2's ability to activate transcription and self-associate.
  • The findings reveal a novel mechanism integrating arginine methylation into the Sox2-mediated pluripotent transcription network.