[Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. I. The morphology and developmental levels of atherosclerotic changes]

The authors present an up-to-date review on natural history of atherosclerosis. After a short introduction dealing with history of atherosclerosis research, data about morphology and pathology of the normal arterial wall are presented. Special attention is focused on structural differences of arteries in different body districts as well as vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells and their role in atherogenesis. Pathogenetic mechanisms in the evolution of lesions and morphology of different types of atherosclerotic lesions based on cellular and metabolic changes are explained in details: early lesions such as gelatinous elevations-insudative lesions, fetty dots and streaks and microthrombi; advanced lesions such as fibromusculoelastic lesions, pearly-white fibrous atherosclerotic plaques and atheromatous plaques; and complicated lesions with calcifications, ulcerations, thrombosis and hemorrhage.