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Updated: May 27, 2026
10:16
Autoradiography as a Simple and Powerful Method for Visualization and Characterization of Pharmacological Targets
Published on: March 12, 2019
[Abuse of γ-hydroxybutyrate]
Jørgen G Bramness1, Siren Haugland
1Senter for rus og avhengighetsforskning, Universitetet i Oslo, Norway. j.g.bramness@medisin.uio.no
Summary
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursor, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), are increasingly used as intoxicating drugs in Norway. This review covers GHB/GBL symptoms, addiction, overdoses, and the need for targeted prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
- Public Health
Background:
- Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a naturally occurring substance with intoxicating drug potential.
- Increased availability and use of GHB and its precursor, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), are reported in Norway.
- There is a need for comprehensive knowledge on GHB/GBL's effects and prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on GHB/GBL symptoms, addictiveness, and overdoses.
- To inform the development of targeted preventive measures for GHB/GBL use.
Main Methods:
- Literature search of PubMed.
- Review of reports from Norwegian and European authorities and research institutions.
Main Results:
- Low GHB doses cause intoxication; higher doses lead to poisoning with reported deaths.
- GHB's effects are variable due to a steep dose-response curve and interactions with other substances.
- Treatment for GHB poisoning is symptomatic and supportive; abstinence and delirium management are also supportive.
Conclusions:
- Preventive measures for GHB/GBL use must be specifically tailored to distinct user groups.
- Further research and targeted interventions are crucial for addressing the rising use of GHB/GBL.
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