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Related Concept Videos

Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar absorptivity (ε) or log ε on the y-axis (ordinate)...
Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters
07:05

Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters

Published on: June 18, 2021

Spectral color constancy using a maximum entropy approach.

Sandra Skaff1, James J Clark

  • 1Xerox Research Center Webster, Xerox Corporation, Webster, New York 14580, USA. sandra.skaff@xerox.com

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
|November 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel spectral color constancy method using a maximum entropy constraint on surface reflectance spectra. This approach offers similar performance to existing methods without needing predefined basis functions or spectral databases.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Color Science
  • Image Processing

Background:

  • The spectral color constancy problem aims to determine the surface reflectance of an object under varying illumination conditions.
  • Existing methods often rely on linear models, requiring predefined basis functions or spectral databases, limiting their applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel solution for spectral color constancy.
  • To develop a method that does not require a priori spectral information or basis functions.

Main Methods:

  • A statistical model for surface reflectance spectra is employed.
  • A maximum entropy constraint is applied to the spectral estimation process.

Main Results:

  • The proposed maximum entropy approach is demonstrated to be feasible for spectral estimation.
  • Experimental results on simulated and real data show performance comparable to existing spectral methods.

Conclusions:

  • The maximum entropy method provides a viable alternative for spectral color constancy.
  • This approach requires less a priori information, enhancing its practical utility.