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Related Concept Videos

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
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VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes

Overview of VSEPR Theory
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side chains...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...

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Star-shaped mesogens -- hekates: the most basic star structure with three branches.

Matthias Lehmann1

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. Matthias.Lehmann@uni-wuerzburg.de

Topics in Current Chemistry
|November 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter defines star-shaped mesogens, focusing on Hekates (three-arm stars). These molecules self-assemble into complex nanostructures, enabling future functional materials design.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Liquid Crystals

Background:

  • Introduction of star-shaped mesogens as a symmetric subgroup of multipodes.
  • Distinction between flexible, semi-flexible, and shape-persistent mesogens.
  • Focus on Hekates (three-arm stars) within the broader category.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Define star-shaped mesogens and their properties.
  • Explore self-assembly behaviors of these molecules.
  • Highlight potential applications in advanced materials.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual definition and classification of star-shaped mesogens.
  • Review of self-assembly mechanisms, including nanosegregation and space-filling.
  • Presentation of recent examples of self-organized structures.

Main Results:

  • Identification of various self-assembly modes leading to ordered structures.
  • Examples of semi-flexible Hekates forming E-shaped conformers.
  • Observation of self-organization into columnar 2D/3D and micellar cubic structures.

Conclusions:

  • Star-shaped mesogens, particularly Hekates, offer design flexibility.
  • Self-assembly leads to diverse nanosegregated structures.
  • These mesogens are promising for future complex mesomorphic and functional materials.