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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
09:29

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

Published on: March 20, 2020

How do I treat "triple-negative" disease.

Christos Vaklavas1, Andres Forero-Torres

  • 1Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294-3300, USA. chris.vaklavas@ccc.uab.edu

Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|November 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive but responds to chemotherapy. Current guidelines lack TNBC specificity, necessitating clinical trial participation for optimal treatment and improved outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Breast Cancer Research
  • Chemotherapy

Background:

  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is recognized as a distinct entity with aggressive behavior.
  • Despite favorable response to chemotherapy, TNBC has high relapse rates and poor prognosis without targeted therapies.
  • Existing guidelines often group TNBC with receptor-positive subtypes, limiting specific treatment data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and management of triple-negative breast cancer.
  • To highlight the specific challenges and considerations for TNBC treatment.
  • To emphasize the importance of clinical trials for advancing TNBC therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical trial data concerning TNBC.

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  • Analysis of treatment responses and outcomes specific to TNBC subtypes.
  • Evaluation of current chemotherapy regimens and emerging therapeutic strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for early-stage and locally-advanced TNBC due to chemosensitivity and high pathologic response rates.
    • Adjuvant chemotherapy indications are similar to receptor-positive tumors; endocrine or Her2-targeted therapies are not indicated.
    • Anthracycline-based regimens are common, with taxane incorporation supported by retrospective data; ixabepilone plus capecitabine shows activity in metastatic TNBC.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimal chemotherapy for TNBC remains unclear, with anthracyclines and taxanes being widely used.
    • Participation in clinical trials is strongly encouraged at all stages of TNBC due to treatment uncertainties and the potential of novel therapies.