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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
07:03

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Prediction for new magnetoelectric fluorides.

G Nénert, T T M Palstra

    Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
    |November 4, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers predict new magnetoelectric fluorides using symmetry. Some materials show multiferroic potential and ferromagnetism, enhancing magnetic and dielectric property interactions.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Solid State Physics
    • Crystallography

    Background:

    • Magnetoelectric materials exhibit coupled magnetic and electric properties.
    • Multiferroic materials display multiple primary ferroic orders.
    • Fluoride compounds are a promising class for exploring novel magnetoelectric and multiferroic phenomena.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To predict novel magnetoelectric fluoride materials using symmetry principles.
    • To identify fluoride compounds with potential multiferroic properties.
    • To investigate the role of ferromagnetism in enhancing magnetoelectric coupling.

    Main Methods:

    • Application of symmetry analysis to predict material properties.
    • Theoretical screening of fluoride compounds for magnetoelectric and multiferroic characteristics.

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    Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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    Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates
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    Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

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    Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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    Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
    06:53

    Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

    Published on: June 9, 2023

    Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates
    06:49

    Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

    Published on: April 12, 2019

  • Correlation of structural symmetry with magnetic and dielectric responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Prediction of several new magnetoelectric fluoride materials.
    • Identification of specific fluoride candidates likely to exhibit multiferroic behavior.
    • Observation that ferromagnetism is present in several predicted materials.

    Conclusions:

    • Symmetry considerations are effective for discovering new magnetoelectric fluorides.
    • The identified materials offer pathways to explore enhanced magnetoelectric coupling.
    • Ferromagnetic properties in these fluorides are expected to strengthen the interplay between magnetic and dielectric orders.