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Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:

Standard Precaution

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

An Antimicrobial Fabric Using Nano-Herbal Encapsulation of Essential Oils

An Antimicrobial Fabric Using Nano-Herbal Encapsulation of Essential Oils

Published on: April 7, 2023

Do protective lead garments harbor harmful bacteria?

Brian F Grogan¹, William C Cranston, Donna M Lopez

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam, Houston, Texas, USA.

|November 5, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteria were rarely found on operating room lead shielding garments. Standard cleaning effectively prevents bacterial growth, ensuring garment safety for healthcare professionals.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Infection Control
Healthcare-Associated Infections

Background:

Protective lead shielding garments are essential in operating rooms to minimize radiation exposure.
The potential for bacterial contamination of shared-use garments is a concern for infection control.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize bacteria on shared-use protective lead shielding garments.
To assess the effectiveness of current cleaning protocols in preventing bacterial contamination.

Main Methods:

Swabs were collected from designated areas of lead shielding garments from the authors' institution.
Bacterial isolation and identification were performed using standard microbiological techniques.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on identified isolates.

Main Results:

Bacteria were isolated from only 2.7% of collected swabs.
Identified bacteria included Coagulase-negative Staphylococci and gram-positive rods, consistent with skin flora.
No multi-drug resistant organisms were detected, and 98.3% of samples showed no bacterial growth.

Conclusions:

Standard cleaning procedures effectively prevent significant bacterial growth on shared-use lead shielding garments.
The risk of bacterial contamination from these garments appears low when standard protocols are followed.
Findings support the continued use of current cleaning practices for operating room lead shielding.