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Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

A maxillary lateral incisor with four root canals.

J Kottoor¹, R Murugesan, D V Albuquerque

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kerala, India. drkottooran@gmail.com

International Endodontic Journal

|November 5, 2011

Summary

Maxillary lateral incisors can exhibit unusual root canal anatomy, with a rare case presenting four canals. Successful non-surgical endodontic treatment highlights the importance of careful diagnosis and treatment planning for complex cases.

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Area of Science:

Endodontics
Dental Anatomy

Background:

Maxillary lateral incisors typically present with a single root canal.
Aberrant root canal morphology can complicate endodontic treatment.

Observation:

A case of a permanent maxillary lateral incisor with four root canals was successfully managed non-surgically.
Radiographic and clinical examination revealed the unusual anatomy.

Findings:

The differential diagnosis for the aberrant anatomy included fusion, gemination, and dens invaginatus.
Non-surgical endodontic management was effective despite the complex root canal system.

Implications:

Clinicians must consider variable root canal anatomy in maxillary lateral incisors.
Thorough radiographic interpretation and understanding of internal tooth anatomy are crucial for successful endodontic outcomes.
Awareness of rare anatomical variations is essential for effective dental treatment.