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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism, and...
Sinusoidal Sources01:18

Sinusoidal Sources

Direct current (DC) refers to an electric current that flows in a single direction, maintaining a constant polarity. This is in contrast to alternating current (AC), which periodically changes its direction and magnitude. AC forms the backbone of modern electricity transmission and distribution systems due to its efficient long-distance transmission capabilities.
In homes, the power supplies use sinusoidal sources to provide electricity. These sources generate a voltage that varies sinusoidally...
Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids01:20

Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids

Analyzing two sinusoidal voltages with equal amplitude and period but different phases on an oscilloscope, an instrument used to display and analyze waveforms, involves a three-step process.
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Establishment of a Modified Ferric Chloride-Induced Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis
07:34

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Published on: December 30, 2025

Silent sinus syndrome.

Alistair R M Cobb1, Rachna Murthy, Gary C S Cousin

  • 1Craniofacial Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK. alicobb@yahoo.com

The British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
|November 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Silent sinus syndrome causes eye sinking and a smaller eye due to maxillary sinus atelectasis. This condition, often idiopathic or post-traumatic, requires clinical and surgical evaluation.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is characterized by enophthalmos, hypoglobus, maxillary sinus hypoplasia, and orbital floor resorption.
  • It results from chronic maxillary sinus hypoventilation leading to sinus atelectasis.

Observation:

  • The study presents three cases of SSS with distinct etiologies.
  • Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed for each case.

Findings:

  • Pathophysiological theories of SSS were discussed.
  • Surgical correction strategies were explored in the context of the presented cases.

Implications:

  • Understanding the varied etiologies of SSS is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Further research into pathophysiology may refine surgical interventions for SSS.