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Related Concept Videos

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
09:10

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

Manipulation or capitulation: virus interactions with autophagy.

Tristan X Jordan1, Glenn Randall

  • 1Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Microbes and Infection
|November 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, defends against viruses by presenting viral components to immune sensors. However, viruses can block or manipulate autophagy for their own replication needs.

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Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
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Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells
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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

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Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
11:28

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

Published on: October 7, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process for maintaining homeostasis and promoting cell survival under stress.
  • During viral infections, autophagy acts as an antiviral mechanism by targeting viral components for degradation.
  • Viruses have evolved strategies to counteract or exploit the autophagy pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex interactions between viruses and autophagy.
  • To highlight autophagy's role in antiviral immunity.
  • To elucidate mechanisms of viral subversion of autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis and review of existing research on virus-autophagy interactions.
  • Analysis of studies detailing viral evasion and manipulation of the autophagy pathway.
  • Examination of the interplay between immune signaling and autophagy activation.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy serves as a critical surveillance system against viral pathogens.
  • Many viruses actively inhibit or hijack autophagy to facilitate their replication.
  • Subverted autophagy can impact all stages of the viral lifecycle.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding virus-autophagy interactions is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.
  • Viruses exhibit diverse mechanisms to manipulate autophagy for their benefit.
  • Further research into these interactions can reveal novel therapeutic targets.