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Classification of Connective Tissues

The connective tissues have different properties and functions in the human body. They are broadly categorized into proper, supporting, or fluid connective tissues.
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

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Classification of Illness

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Published on: June 16, 2020

Validation of potential classification criteria for systemic sclerosis.

Sindhu R Johnson1, Jaap Fransen, Dinesh Khanna

  • 1Toronto Western Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Sindhu.Johnson@uhn.on.ca

Arthritis Care & Research
|November 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study validated classification criteria for systemic sclerosis (SSc), also known as scleroderma. The evaluated items demonstrated strong validity, supporting their use in diagnosing SSc.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) classification criteria are undergoing revision by the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism.
  • 23 potential items were identified using Delphi and nominal group techniques for further evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the face, discriminant, and construct validity of 23 candidate items for SSc classification.
  • To refine diagnostic criteria for systemic sclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Face validity was assessed by item frequency in SSc patients and disease mimics across multiple databases.
  • Discriminant validity was determined using odds ratios (ORs) comparing SSc patients to 1,071 patients with similar conditions.
  • Construct validity was evaluated by comparing empirical and expert rankings of items.

Main Results:

  • Patients with SSc showed significantly higher frequencies of skin thickening (OR 427), anti-RNA polymerase III antibody (OR 75), puffy fingers (OR 35), and other key features compared to mimics.
  • Specific autoantibodies (anti-topoisomerase I, anticentromere) and clinical findings (Raynaud's phenomenon, fingertip ulcers) were highly discriminative.
  • Empirical and expert rankings of items were correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.53, P = 0.01), supporting construct validity.

Conclusions:

  • The candidate classification items for systemic sclerosis possess good face, discriminant, and construct validity.
  • Further refinement of these items will be conducted through prospective studies involving SSc and mimic cases.