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Resistance exercise training influences skeletal muscle immune activation: a microarray analysis.

Paul M Gordon1, Dongmei Liu, Maureen A Sartor

  • 1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, USA. gordonp@med.umich.edu

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|November 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

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Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...

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Resistance exercise training blunts immune activation in skeletal muscle. Training minimizes immune cell recruitment and enhances anti-inflammatory responses, protecting muscles from exercise-induced stress and damage.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise immunology
  • Skeletal muscle physiology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Resistance exercise (RE) triggers immune responses in skeletal muscle.
  • The impact of prior training on these responses is not fully understood.
  • Understanding muscle adaptation to RE is crucial for optimizing training protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how a 12-week resistance exercise training program affects the immune activation in skeletal muscle after an acute bout of exercise.
  • To compare the molecular responses between trained and untrained limbs following exercise.

Main Methods:

  • A 12-week supervised unilateral arm resistance exercise training program was conducted.
  • Subjects performed an acute bilateral RE bout post-training.

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  • Muscle biopsies were analyzed for global gene expression using microarrays.
  • Differential gene expression analysis identified significantly regulated biological processes.

    • Main Results:

    • Training blunted the upregulation of immune activation genes, reducing monocyte recruitment.
    • Training enhanced anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization gene expression.
    • Training modulated stress response, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function, extracellular matrix, and cytoskeleton gene expression.

    Conclusions:

    • Resistance exercise training significantly alters skeletal muscle's molecular response to acute exercise.
    • Training appears to protect muscle by minimizing inflammatory gene upregulation and enhancing anti-inflammatory pathways.
    • These findings offer insights into the adaptive mechanisms of skeletal muscle following resistance training.