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Association between circulating specific leukocyte types and incident chronic kidney disease: the Atherosclerosis

Niu Tian1, Alan D Penman, R Davis Manning

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA. niutian1@gmail.com

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH
|November 8, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Increased neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes are linked to higher chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk. This study highlights leukocyte roles in kidney dysfunction, particularly in African Americans.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Progressive renal fibrosis, a hallmark of kidney failure, involves significant leukocyte infiltration.
  • Understanding the link between specific circulating leukocyte types and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is crucial for early detection and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between circulating leukocyte levels (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes) and the incidence of CKD.
  • To explore potential racial differences in these associations, particularly between White and African American adults.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study of 10,056 middle-aged adults with baseline measurements of leukocyte levels, blood pressure (BP), and serum creatinine.
  • Calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline, 3, and 9 years, with surveillance for CKD-related hospitalization or death over a mean of 7.4 years.

Main Results:

  • Elevated neutrophil counts and reduced lymphocyte counts were significantly associated with increased CKD incidence.
  • African Americans showed similar but stronger associations between leukocytes and CKD incidence compared to Whites, though not statistically significant.
  • African Americans exhibited higher eGFR and BP between ages 45-65 compared to Whites.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating leukocyte levels, specifically neutrophils and lymphocytes, may play a role in the pathogenesis of kidney dysfunction.
  • These findings suggest a potential leukocyte-related mechanism contributing to essential hypertension and kidney disease, especially in African Americans.

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