Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diet, Metabolism and Synaptic Function: Integrating Evidence Across Models in Neurodegeneration Research.

Biomedicines·2026
Same author

Chronic Fatty Acid Exposure Disrupts SH-SY5Y and Neuronal Differentiation and Is a Potential Link Between Type-2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease.

Molecular neurobiology·2025
Same author

Erratum: Sustained postsynaptic kainate receptor activation downregulates AMPA receptor surface expression and induces hippocampal LTD.

iScience·2025
Same author

Long-term safety and efficacy of garadacimab for preventing hereditary angioedema attacks: Phase 3 open-label extension study.

Allergy·2024
Same author

SUMOylation of MFF coordinates fission complexes to promote stress-induced mitochondrial fragmentation.

Science advances·2024
Same author

Differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using retinoic acid and BDNF: a model for neuronal and synaptic differentiation in neurodegeneration.

In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal·2024
Same journal

Population codes for context-dependent decision-making.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Cichlid fish as a model for understanding social dysfunction.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

On aims and methods in field neuroethology: Investigating neural mechanisms of behavior in semi-natural and natural contexts.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Neurobiological interfaces connecting environmental change to monarch butterfly migration.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Learning how to experience the world: From circuits to cell types to genes.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Editorial overview for neurobiology of disease 2026.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity
09:45

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity

Published on: January 29, 2018

Protein SUMOylation in spine structure and function.

Tim J Craig1, Jeremy M Henley

  • 1MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|November 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO)ylation regulates neuronal spine structure and protein function. Understanding this post-translational modification is key to unraveling synaptic activity and dysfunction in the brain.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Detection and Analysis of Rb Protein SUMOylation in Human Cells
09:40

In Vivo Detection and Analysis of Rb Protein SUMOylation in Human Cells

Published on: November 2, 2017

Localization of SUMO-modified Proteins Using Fluorescent Sumo-trapping Proteins
06:23

Localization of SUMO-modified Proteins Using Fluorescent Sumo-trapping Proteins

Published on: April 27, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity
09:45

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity

Published on: January 29, 2018

In Vivo Detection and Analysis of Rb Protein SUMOylation in Human Cells
09:40

In Vivo Detection and Analysis of Rb Protein SUMOylation in Human Cells

Published on: November 2, 2017

Localization of SUMO-modified Proteins Using Fluorescent Sumo-trapping Proteins
06:23

Localization of SUMO-modified Proteins Using Fluorescent Sumo-trapping Proteins

Published on: April 27, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Synaptic plasticity is crucial for brain information storage.
  • Proteins regulating spine structure are often modified by Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO).
  • SUMOylation's role in neuronal function is diverse and not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of neuronal SUMOylation.
  • To discuss the impact of SUMOylation on synaptic activity and protein function.
  • To highlight the significance of understanding SUMOylation for brain function and dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuronal SUMOylation.
  • Analysis of SUMOylation's role in spine dynamics and protein trafficking.
  • Discussion of protein interactions controlled by SUMOylation.

Main Results:

  • SUMOylation is a key regulator for several neuronal proteins.
  • SUMOylation significantly impacts spine dynamics and protein trafficking.
  • SUMOylation influences protein function in the brain.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal SUMOylation is a critical post-translational modification.
  • Further research into SUMOylation will illuminate synaptic activity and dysfunction.
  • Understanding SUMOylation is essential for comprehending complex protein interactions in the brain.