Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 27, 2026
MRI Mapping of Cerebrovascular Reactivity via Gas Inhalation Challenges
Published on: December 17, 2014
Gas challenge-blood oxygen level-dependent (GC-BOLD) MRI in the rat Novikoff hepatoma model
Yang Guo1, Ning Jin, Rachel Klein
1Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between gas challenge-blood oxygen level-dependent (GC-BOLD) response angiogenesis and tumor size in rat Novikoff hepatoma model.
Materials And Methods:
Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighting 301-325 g) were used for our Animal Care and Use Committee-approved experiments. N1-S1 Novikoff hepatomas were grown in 14 rats with sizes ranging from 0.42 to 2.81 cm. All experiments were performed at 3.0 T using a custom-built rodent receiver coil. A multiple gradient-echo sequence was used for R2* measurements, first during room air (78% N(2)/20% O(2)) breathing and then after 10 min of carbogen (95% O(2)/5% CO(2)) breathing. After image acquisition, rats were euthanized, and the tumors were harvested for histological evaluation.
Results:
The R2* change between air and carbogen breathing for small hepatomas was positive; R2* changes changed to negative values for larger hepatomas. We found a significant positive correlation between tumor R2* change and tumor microvessel density (MVD) (r=0.798, P=.001) and a significant inverse correlation between tumor R2* change and tumor size (r=-0.840, P<.0001).
Conclusions:
GC-BOLD magnetic resonance imaging measurements are well correlated to MVD levels and tumor size in the N1-S1 Novikoff hepatoma model; GC-BOLD measurements may serve as noninvasive biomarkers for evaluating angiogenesis and disease progression and/or therapy response.
