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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis
06:33

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis

Published on: June 9, 2018

Current perspectives on cardiac amyloidosis.

Jian Guan1, Shikha Mishra, Rodney H Falk

  • 1Cardiac Muscle Research Lab., 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, NRB 431, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|November 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac amyloidosis, often underdiagnosed, involves protein misfolding leading to heart failure. This overview focuses on immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis, a common form, and other transthyretin-related types.

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Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Endomyocardial Bioptic Samples of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients
09:16

Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Endomyocardial Bioptic Samples of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients

Published on: February 28, 2018

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis
06:33

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis

Published on: June 9, 2018

Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Endomyocardial Bioptic Samples of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients
09:16

Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Endomyocardial Bioptic Samples of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients

Published on: February 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Amyloidosis comprises diseases of protein misfolding and fibril deposition.
  • Cardiac amyloidosis, though historically rare, is increasingly recognized and may be underdiagnosed.
  • Nine precursor proteins can cause cardiac deposition, leading to amyloid cardiomyopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of cardiac amyloidosis.
  • To discuss nomenclature, molecular mechanisms, and treatment options.
  • To specifically highlight amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain protein cardiac amyloidosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of amyloidosis and cardiac amyloidosis.
  • Analysis of precursor protein roles in cardiac amyloidosis.
  • Focus on immunoglobulin light chain and transthyretin amyloidosis.

Main Results:

  • Over 27 amyloid precursor proteins identified, with 9 affecting the heart.
  • Amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain protein is the most common cause of cardiac amyloidosis.
  • Transthyretin (mutated or wild-type) is another major cause of cardiac amyloidosis.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac amyloidosis presents as an infiltrative cardiomyopathy with restrictive pathophysiology.
  • Pathophysiology and clinical presentation vary based on the specific precursor protein.
  • Further understanding and diagnosis are crucial for managing this progressive heart failure syndrome.