Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...

Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position

Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position

Stability is an important concept in oscillation. If an equilibrium point is stable, a slight disturbance of an object that is initially at the stable equilibrium point will cause the object to oscillate around that point. For an unstable equilibrium point, if the object is disturbed slightly, it will not return to the equilibrium point. There are three conditions for equilibrium points—stable, unstable, and half-stable. A half-stable equilibrium point is also unstable, but is named so because...

Pole and System Stability

Pole and System Stability

The transfer function is a fundamental concept representing the ratio of two polynomials. The numerator and denominator encapsulate the system's dynamics. The zeros and poles of this transfer function are critical in determining the system's behavior and stability.
Simple poles are unique roots of the denominator polynomial. Each simple pole corresponds to a distinct solution to the system's characteristic equation, typically resulting in exponential decay terms in the system's response.

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A New nor-Sesquiterpene, Khusynoic Acid and Other Non-Volatile Anticancer Compounds From Vetiveria zizanioides Root.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026

Same author

Optical coherence tomography of a pigmented vitreous cyst.

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie·2025

Same author

Conjunctival lymphangiectasia masquerading as subconjunctival worms.

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie·2025

Same author

Effect of Strongly Magnetized Electrons and Ions on Heat Flow and Symmetry of Inertial Fusion Implosions.

Physical review letters·2022

Same author

Thermal decoupling of deuterium and tritium during the inertial confinement fusion shock-convergence phase.

Physical review. E·2021

Same author

Characterizing x-ray transmission through filters used in high energy density physics diagnostics.

The Review of scientific instruments·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Inhibitory feedback promotes stability in an oscillatory network.

F Nadim¹, S Zhao, L Zhou

¹Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. farzan@njit.edu

Journal of Neural Engineering

|November 8, 2011

Summary

The lateral pyloric (LP) neuron synapse stabilizes crustacean pyloric rhythm by reducing neuronal activity variability. Removing this synapse increases period variability, highlighting its crucial role in network function.

More Related Videos

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Published on: August 14, 2015

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Published on: August 14, 2015

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience

Background:

Neuronal network function relies on both reliability and variability.
The crustacean pyloric rhythm is a model system for studying neuronal network oscillations.
The role of synaptic feedback in pacemaker neuron activity remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hypothesis that the lateral pyloric (LP) neuron synapse stabilizes the pyloric rhythm.
To determine if this synapse reduces cycle-by-cycle variability in neuronal activity.

Main Methods:

Experimental manipulation of the LP-pyloric dilator (PD) synapse by hyperpolarizing the LP neuron.
Analysis of pyloric period variability and phase response curves.
Development and analysis of a reduced mathematical model of the pyloric network.

Main Results:

Functionally removing the LP-PD synapse significantly increased pyloric period variability.
The presence of the LP-PD synapse decreased the amplitude of the PD neuron's phase response curve, indicating increased rhythm stability.
Mathematical modeling confirmed that periodic inhibition enhances oscillation stability and reduces cycle period variability.

Conclusions:

The LP-PD synapse plays a critical role in stabilizing the crustacean pyloric rhythm.
Synaptic feedback mechanisms are essential for regulating neuronal network reliability.
Mathematical models can effectively explain experimental observations in neuronal network dynamics.