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Related Concept Videos

Nervous System01:21

Nervous System

The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
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The nervous system is one of the most complex systems in our body. It is organized into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
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What is a Nervous System?01:25

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The delayed and noisy nervous system: implications for neural control.

John G Milton1

  • 1Joint Science Department, W. M. Keck Science Center, Claremont, CA 91711, USA. jmilton@jsd.claremont.edu

Journal of Neural Engineering
|November 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Noise and delay in neural control can stabilize systems and enable efficient movement control. This study explores intermittent control strategies for optimized energy use in such systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Dynamical systems theory
  • Computational neuroscience
  • Control theory

Background:

  • Delay differential equations (DDEs) are crucial for modeling systems with time delays.
  • The interaction of noise (random perturbations) and delay in neural control presents unique phenomena.
  • Existing research highlights noise-induced stabilization and delay-induced transients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of noise and delay in neural control systems.
  • To propose and analyze intermittent, discontinuous control strategies.
  • To demonstrate potential energy efficiency benefits of these control methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing delay differential equations to model neural control.
  • Exploring the impact of random perturbations (noise) on system dynamics.
  • Implementing and analyzing threshold-based, intermittent control strategies.
  • Employing illustrative examples reproducible with software like XPPAUT.

Main Results:

  • Noise can transiently stabilize unstable steady states in neural systems.
  • Time-delayed feedback is effective for controlling fast movements.
  • Long-lived, delay-induced transients can occur.
  • Intermittent control strategies, triggered by thresholds, are suggested by the noise-delay interplay.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay of noise and delay in neural control necessitates novel control approaches.
  • Intermittent control strategies offer a promising avenue for energy-efficient neural control.
  • Simple models and simulations can elucidate complex dynamics in neural control systems.