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Canine schistosomiasis in Kansas: five cases (2000-2009).

Andrew S Hanzlicek1, Kenneth R Harkin, Michael W Dryden

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. andrew.hanzlicek@okstate.edu

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Canine schistosomiasis, a parasitic infection, has been identified in Kansas. Early diagnosis and treatment led to full recovery in affected dogs, highlighting the need for veterinary awareness in the Midwest.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Parasitology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Canine schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematode flatworms.
  • Geographic distribution of canine schistosomiasis is not well-defined in the Midwestern United States.
  • Early recognition is crucial for effective management and preventing complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first naturally occurring cases of canine schistosomiasis in Kansas.
  • To provide clinical details of affected dogs, including diagnostic findings and outcomes.
  • To raise awareness among veterinarians about canine schistosomiasis in the Midwest.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series reviewing medical records of five dogs diagnosed between 2000 and 2009.
  • Data extraction included signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic results, treatment, and outcome.
  • Diagnostic tests included fecal flotation, fecal saline sedimentation, and fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Main Results:

  • Five dogs were diagnosed with canine schistosomiasis.
  • Clinical signs commonly included gastrointestinal disease and hypercalcemia.
  • Fecal flotation was negative; fecal sedimentation and PCR were positive in all tested dogs.
  • One case of intestinal intussusception secondary to schistosomiasis was reported.
  • All treated dogs achieved full recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Canine schistosomiasis is endemic in Kansas, representing the first reported cases in the Midwest.
  • Veterinarians should consider schistosomiasis in dogs with compatible clinical signs.
  • Simple diagnostic methods like fecal sedimentation and PCR are effective; prompt treatment ensures a positive prognosis.