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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework
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Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework

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Poly[di-μ-glycinato-copper(II)]: a two-dimensional coordination polymer.

Fabienne Gschwind1, Martin Jansen

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|November 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study details a two-dimensional coordination polymer, [Cu(C(2)H(4)NO(2))(2)](n), featuring a distorted octahedral copper center. The structure exhibits a strong Jahn-Teller effect due to differing copper-ligand bond lengths, forming a 3D network via hydrogen bonds.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework
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Published on: April 9, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Coordination polymers offer tunable properties for advanced applications.
  • Understanding metal-ligand interactions is crucial for designing novel materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the crystal structure and bonding of the novel coordination polymer [Cu(C(2)H(4)NO(2))(2)](n).
  • To investigate the coordination geometry around the copper(II) center and its implications.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths and angles elucidated the coordination environment and electronic effects.

Main Results:

  • A 2D coordination polymer with a distorted octahedral copper(II) center coordinated by bidentate glycine ligands was identified.
  • Axial Cu-O bonds were significantly longer than equatorial Cu-O and Cu-N bonds, indicating a strong Jahn-Teller effect.
  • The 2D networks self-assemble into a 3D structure through intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals the detailed structure of [Cu(C(2)H(4)NO(2))(2)](n), highlighting the influence of the Jahn-Teller effect on its coordination geometry.
  • The hydrogen bonding interactions play a key role in the formation of the extended three-dimensional architecture.