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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...
Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion01:17

Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion

Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Response
Lazarus proposed that emotions are not solely...
Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion01:20

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences physiological...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Decision-making based on emotional images.

Kentaro Katahira1, Tomomi Fujimura, Kazuo Okanoya

  • 1Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Okanoya Emotional Information Project Wako, Saitama, Japan.

Frontiers in Psychology
|November 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emotional outcomes of choices influence future decisions. Negative emotional events have a stronger impact on behavior than positive ones, revealing a key asymmetry in decision-making processes.

Keywords:
decision makingemotional picturereinforcement learning modelvalue

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Related Experiment Videos

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Decision Science
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Decision-making and emotion research have historically progressed independently.
  • Understanding the interplay between emotional valence and choice behavior is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the emotional valence of outcomes, contingent on choices, influences subsequent decision-making.
  • To quantify the impact of emotional events on behavior using computational models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel experimental paradigm where emotional pictures served as stochastic choice outcomes.
  • Employed reinforcement learning models to estimate the subjective reward value of emotional stimuli.
  • Collected participant ratings of experienced emotion (valence) for individual pictures.

Main Results:

  • Identified an asymmetry in estimated reward value: negative outcomes had a greater impact than positive outcomes.
  • This behavioral asymmetry differed from subjective valence ratings of individual emotional pictures.
  • Demonstrated that the influence of emotion on decision-making is not solely based on experienced valence.

Conclusions:

  • Suggests a dissociation between experienced emotion and its behavioral consequences in decision-making.
  • Highlights the utility of computational approaches, like reinforcement learning, for studying emotion in decision science.
  • Provides a framework for integrating emotion science with value-based decision-making research.