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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes
08:52

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Published on: July 26, 2019

NSW annual immunisation coverage report, 2010.

Brynley Hull1, Aditi Dey, Sue Campbell-Lloyd

  • 1National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children's Hospital at Westmead. brynleyh@chw.edu.au

New South Wales Public Health Bulletin
|November 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This report shows over 90% immunisation coverage for young children in NSW. However, delayed vaccination remains a challenge for Aboriginal children, and further improvements are needed for adolescents and the elderly.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Immunisation
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • This is the second annual report detailing immunisation coverage trends in New South Wales (NSW).
  • The report covers immunisation data for children, adolescents, and the elderly up to the end of 2010.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and analyze trends in immunisation coverage across different age groups in NSW.
  • To identify areas of success and challenges in achieving vaccination targets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register, NSW School Immunisation Program, and NSW Population Health Survey.
  • Calculated population coverage, coverage for Aboriginal children, and vaccination timeliness.

Main Results:

  • Achieved over 90% immunisation coverage for children at 12 and 24 months.
  • Observed improvements in timeliness for 4-year-old vaccines and near 90% coverage for 5-year-olds.
  • Noted good adolescent vaccine coverage (HPV, DTPa) and rising pneumococcal vaccination rates in the elderly, though lower than influenza coverage.

Conclusions:

  • Advocates for completing the recommended immunisation schedule at the earliest appropriate age as a key public health goal.
  • Recommends including 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate and meningococcal C vaccines in official 'fully immunised' assessments.