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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution

Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
Physical Properties of Ethers02:17

Physical Properties of Ethers

Overview
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes02:30

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...

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Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Molecular dynamics changes induced by solvent in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol.

Sebastian Pawlus1, Marian Paluch, Marzena Dzida

  • 1Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40-007 Katowice, Poland. spawlus@us.edu.pl

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|November 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hydrogen-bonded liquid dynamics in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol/bromobutane mixtures were studied. Decreasing alcohol concentration altered relaxation dynamics, mimicking effects of increased pressure.

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Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrogen-bonded liquids exhibit complex supramolecular structures and dynamics crucial for biological processes.
  • Monohydroxy alcohols, similar to water, show Debye relaxation, reflecting hydrogen bond dynamics.
  • Studying these dynamics involves altering thermodynamic conditions, confinement, or dilution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the relaxation dynamics of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol/bromobutane mixtures.
  • Analyze how dilution affects hydrogen-bonded structure dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was employed to study mixtures of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and bromobutane.
  • Analysis focused on static permittivity, Debye process, and relaxation times.

Main Results:

  • A crossover in the temperature dependence of static permittivity (T(c)) was observed, shifting with bromobutane concentration.
  • Below a critical alcohol concentration, the Debye process lost exponentiality, altering relaxation time temperature dependence.
  • The steepness index at low alcohol concentrations matched that of process II in pure alcohol.

Conclusions:

  • Diluting 2-ethyl-1-hexanol with bromobutane significantly alters hydrogen-bonded liquid dynamics.
  • Observed changes in relaxation dynamics mirror those seen under elevated pressure, suggesting a pressure-like effect of dilution.
  • The findings offer insights into the fundamental behavior of hydrogen-bonded liquids.