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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Demonstration of Membrane Transport of Histidine using Goat Intestinal Inverted Sacs: An Experiential Pedagogical Tool for Undergraduates
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Fluid transport by active elastic membranes.

Arthur A Evans1, Eric Lauga

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|November 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Flexible membranes can self-propel or transport fluids when internally forced, not just when their shape is prescribed. This study models active stresses to predict membrane shape and fluid motion.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Soft matter physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Flexible membranes in viscous fluids can self-propel or induce fluid transport when deforming.
  • Previous research prescribed membrane deformation kinematics.
  • This study explores internally forced membrane dynamics where deformation is not predetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate fluid transport and self-propulsion of flexible membranes driven by internal active stresses.
  • To develop theoretical models for internally forced membrane dynamics.
  • To analyze the resulting membrane shape and fluid motion.

Main Methods:

  • Developing two models for active internal forcing: prescribed bending moments and active normal stresses from fluid pumping.
  • Asymptotic calculations for small forcing amplitudes to determine membrane shape and fluid velocities.

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  • Utilizing scaling analysis to validate theoretical results.

    • Main Results:

    • Derived analytical solutions for membrane shape and fluid transport velocities under active internal forcing.
    • Demonstrated that internal forcing, rather than prescribed kinematics, dictates membrane deformation and fluid motion.
    • Showcased the predictive power of the developed models for active membrane systems.

    Conclusions:

    • Internally forced flexible membranes offer a novel mechanism for controlled self-propulsion and fluid transport.
    • The models provide a framework for understanding and designing active membrane systems.
    • This work advances the understanding of active matter and microfluidic transport.