Blast chilling and low voltage electrical stimulation influences on bison (Bison bison bison) meat quality

Conventional carcass chilling is a lengthy and energy expensive process. Blast chilling (BL) can reduce cooling time and associated shrink loss, although its application may compromise meat quality, particularly in lean carcasses or those with localized finish such as bison. Low voltage electrical stimulation (LVES) can reduce the risk of decreased meat quality by inducing rapid rigor onset prior to exposure of the musculature to extreme cold temperature. BL (-20°C, 3 m·s(-1) air velocity, 2 h) accelerated temperature decline of bison Longissimus lumborum (LL) and significantly reduced cooler shrink loss versus conventional chilling (CONV: 0-2°C, 24 h). While BL tended to produce darker meat, this effect was tempered by the application of LVES, and samples from the combined treatment were significantly lighter than CONV. BL resulted in reduced tenderness in the LL, as assessed by shear force measurement, in part due to significantly shorter sarcomere length in BL samples. Taste panelists, however, were unable to detect a significant or detrimental BL effect. Where LVES was incorporated, there was an improved tenderness response with ageing. The combined LVES/BL treatment of bison carcasses is recommended for rapid processing without compromising meat quality.