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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Human memory Th17 cells express a functional histamine H4 receptor.

Susanne Mommert1, Maria Gschwandtner, Brigitta Koether

  • 1Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Mommert.Susanne@mh-hannover.de

The American Journal of Pathology
|November 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is present on T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Histamine stimulation boosts IL-17 production, suggesting H4R plays a role in inflammatory skin conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is expressed on CD4(+) T cells, including Th2 cells.
  • Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells are implicated in inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
  • High histamine concentrations are found in psoriatic plaques and atopic dermatitis lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the histamine H4 receptor (H4R) on Th17 cells.
  • To determine H4R expression and function on IL-17-producing T cells.
  • To explore the impact of H4R signaling on IL-17 production and related pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Human memory T cells were polarized into Th17 cells.
  • Histamine H4 receptor (H4R) expression was analyzed using real-time PCR.
  • IL-17 production was measured via cytokine secretion assay.
  • Activating protein-1 (AP-1) activation was assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay.

Main Results:

  • Th17 cells polarized with IL-1β and IL-23 express H4R at both mRNA and protein levels.
  • IL-17-positive lymphocytes in psoriatic skin lesions also expressed functional H4R.
  • Histamine or H4R agonist stimulation increased IL-17 production and induced AP-1 activation in Th17 cells.

Conclusions:

  • Histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is functionally expressed on Th17 cells.
  • Histamine signaling via H4R enhances IL-17 production and AP-1 activation in Th17 cells.
  • Histamine may enhance the immunomodulatory effects of skin-infiltrating Th17 cells in inflammatory skin diseases.