Effects of rigor temperature and electrical stimulation on venison quality

The effects of rigor temperature and electrical stimulation on venison quality were assessed using venison longissimus dorsi muscle. In the first trial, effect of rigor temperature (0, 15, 25, 30, 35 and 42°C) and time post-mortem (at rigor, 3, 7 and 14 days) on drip and cooking losses, % expressible water (water holding capacity, WHC), sarcomere length, protein solubility, meat tenderness and colour were investigated. In the second trial, the effects of rigor temperature (15 and 35°C), electric stimulation (stimulated or not stimulated) and time (at rigor, 3 and 6 weeks post-mortem) on tenderness and colour were further investigated. Results of the first trial showed no clearly established trends of the effect of rigor temperature and time on the cooking and drip losses and protein solubility except venison muscles that went into rigor at 42°C tended to have higher drip loss and lower protein solubilities compared to muscles that went into rigor at the other temperatures. Venison water holding capacity (WHC) decreased with the increase in rigor temperature (P<0.001) and venison became more tender with time post-mortem. Venison colour improved with increasing rigor temperature. During display, samples that went into rigor at 15, 25 and 35°C had the lowest and those at 0 and 42°C had the highest rate of change of redness (a(∗)) value with time. In the second trial, tenderness was improved by stimulation (P=0.01). Redness (a(∗)) values were affected by rigor temperature (P<0.01) and post-mortem time (P<0.001) but not by electrical stimulation. It is concluded that venison tenderness can be improved via the manipulation of rigor temperature to obtain acceptable level of tenderness early post-mortem with less damaging effect on colour stability.