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Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
Published on: May 30, 2017
New-generation vaccines against cholera.
John Clemens1, Sunheang Shin, Dipika Sur
1International Vaccine Institute, Seoul National University Research Park, San 4-8, Nakseongdae-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-919, Korea. jclemens@ivi.int
Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|November 9, 2011
Summary
New oral cholera vaccines offer safe and effective protection, providing both individual and community immunity. These cost-effective vaccines are practical for developing countries, aiding cholera control efforts.
Area of Science:
- Global Health
- Vaccinology
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Background:
- Cholera remains a significant global health threat, causing around 100,000 deaths annually, disproportionately affecting sub-Saharan Africa.
- Older parenteral cholera vaccines had limited efficacy, leading to their discontinuation as public health tools.
- Newer-generation oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) present improved safety and protection profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy and public health impact of newer-generation oral cholera vaccines.
- To assess the cost-effectiveness and practicality of OCVs in developing countries.
- To position OCVs within the broader context of cholera prevention strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of licensed killed and live oral cholera vaccines.
- Analysis of direct protection and herd immunity effects conferred by killed OCVs.
- Assessment of OCV administration requirements and cost-effectiveness.
Main Results:
- Killed oral cholera vaccines are currently manufactured and available, offering both direct and herd immunity.
- OCVs are highly cost-effective due to combined direct and herd immunity benefits.
- The ease of administration of OCVs by non-medical personnel enhances their practicality in resource-limited settings.
Conclusions:
- New-generation oral cholera vaccines are valuable public health tools for controlling endemic and epidemic cholera.
- OCVs are particularly attractive for developing countries due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of use.
- OCVs should be integrated with other preventive measures, such as improved water and sanitation, for comprehensive cholera control.
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