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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

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Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

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Anxiolytic Drugs: Benzodiazepines and Buspirone

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Thermostabilization, Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of the Human Serotonin Transporter Bound to S-citalopram
12:21

Thermostabilization, Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of the Human Serotonin Transporter Bound to S-citalopram

Published on: November 27, 2016

Bupropion hydro-bromide propanol hemisolvate.

Min Liu, Xiu-Rong Hu, Jian-Ming Gu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |November 9, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of bupropion hydrobromide propanol hemisolvate. It reveals proton transfer and hydrogen bonding interactions forming dimers in the crystal lattice.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Chemical Physics
    • Solid-State Chemistry

    Background:

    • Bupropion is an antidepressant medication.
    • Understanding its salt forms and crystal structures is crucial for pharmaceutical development.
    • The specific salt form studied is bupropion hydrobromide with a 1-propanol hemisolvate.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of N-[1-(3-chloro-phenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-tert-butanaminium bromide propanol hemisolvate.
    • To investigate the proton transfer and hydrogen bonding characteristics within the crystal lattice.
    • To analyze the molecular arrangement and interactions in the asymmetric unit.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 27, 2026

    Thermostabilization, Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of the Human Serotonin Transporter Bound to S-citalopram
    12:21

    Thermostabilization, Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of the Human Serotonin Transporter Bound to S-citalopram

    Published on: November 27, 2016

  • Analysis of bond distances, angles, and intermolecular interactions was performed.
  • Hydrogen bonding networks were identified and characterized.

    • Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit contains two independent bupropion hydrobromide ion pairs and one 1-propanol solvent molecule.
    • Proton transfer from HBr to the bupropion amino group was confirmed.
    • Intra- and intermolecular N-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds were observed, forming dimers.
    • The 1-propanol molecule participates in hydrogen bonding with a bromide ion.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure confirms the formation of bupropion hydrobromide salt with 1-propanol as a hemisolvate.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in stabilizing the crystal structure through dimer formation.
    • The observed interactions provide insights into the solid-state behavior of bupropion hydrobromide.