Developmental and persistent developmental stuttering: an overview for primary care physicians

Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by a disruption in the fluency, timing, and rhythm of normal speech. It affects approximately 5% of children at some point in their lives. Although dysfluency often resolves before adulthood, it may cause periods of extreme anxiety for patients, especially those who continue to stutter in adolescence and adulthood. Although these patients are unlikely to stop stuttering, treatment options are available to reduce anxiety and therefore the severity of symptoms. In the present review article, the authors discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of developmental stuttering in children and adults.