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Masking and Demasking Agents

Masking and Demasking Agents

EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

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Effects of EDTA on End-Point Detection Methods

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Different methods, such as visual observance of metal-ion indicators, spectroscopic techniques, and potentiometric methods, can determine the endpoint of an EDTA titration.
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Published on: July 10, 2014

Self-etching adhesive on intact enamel, with and without pre-etching.

G M Devarasa¹, V V Subba Reddy, N L Chaitra

¹Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577004, Karnataka, India. devrasgm@gmail.com

Microscopy Research and Technique

|November 9, 2011

Summary

Pre-etching intact enamel with phosphoric acid significantly enhances the bond strength of self-etch adhesives (SEA). This method improves resin tag penetration, leading to stronger composite resin bonds to enamel.

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Application of Light-cured Dental Adhesive Resin for Mounting Electrodes or Microdialysis Probes in Chronic Experiments

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

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Application of Light-cured Dental Adhesive Resin for Mounting Electrodes or Microdialysis Probes in Chronic Experiments

Application of Light-cured Dental Adhesive Resin for Mounting Electrodes or Microdialysis Probes in Chronic Experiments

Published on: July 30, 2007

Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Adhesive Dentistry

Background:

Self-etch adhesives (SEA) offer simplified dental bonding procedures.
Optimizing SEA bond strength to enamel is crucial for restoration longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the bond strengths of a SEA system (Clearfil SE bond) on intact enamel versus enamel pre-etched with phosphoric acid.
To evaluate the impact of phosphoric acid pre-etching on the bond formation of SEA on intact enamel.

Main Methods:

Forty caries-free human incisors were prepared and divided into four groups.
Two groups received SEA application, while two groups were pre-etched with 37% phosphoric acid before SEA application.
Resin tag penetration was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, and shear bond strength was measured using an Instron universal testing machine.

Main Results:

Phosphoric acid pre-etching significantly increased the depth of resin tag penetration into the enamel.
Pre-etching led to a significant increase in the shear bond strength of the composite resin to enamel.

Conclusions:

Pre-etching intact enamel with 37% phosphoric acid promotes longer resin tags and greater penetration depth with the Clearfil SE bond system.
This pre-etching technique results in significantly higher bond strengths of the Clearfil SE bond to intact enamel.