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Related Concept Videos

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
14:11

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

Published on: June 10, 2021

2,3-Dichloro-pyridine.

Li-Juan Luo, Jian-Quan Weng

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |November 9, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a dichloropyridine compound. Molecular symmetry causes disorder, while intermolecular forces like pi-pi stacking and chlorine contacts influence crystal packing.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Chemical Physics
    • Organic Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular structure and intermolecular interactions is crucial in solid-state chemistry.
    • Pyridine derivatives are important in various chemical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(5)H(3)Cl(2)N.
    • To investigate the role of symmetry and intermolecular forces in the compound's crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed.
    • The crystal structure was solved and refined to determine atomic positions and bonding.

    Main Results:

    • The molecule adopts a crystallographic twofold symmetry, leading to statistical disorder of the pyridine nitrogen and a C-H group.

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    Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

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    [(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
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    [(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

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    Last Updated: May 27, 2026

    Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
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    Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

    Published on: June 10, 2021

    Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate
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    Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

    Published on: April 24, 2018

    [(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
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    [(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

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  • Analysis revealed weak aromatic π-π stacking interactions with a centroid-centroid separation of 3.805 Å.
  • Short chlorine-chlorine contacts (3.334 Å) were observed, contributing to the crystal lattice.

    • Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure is governed by symmetry-induced disorder and significant intermolecular interactions.
    • These findings provide insights into the solid-state behavior of halogenated pyridines.