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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Measurement of Tactile Allodynia in a Murine Model of Bacterial Prostatitis
06:46

Measurement of Tactile Allodynia in a Murine Model of Bacterial Prostatitis

Published on: January 16, 2013

[Correction of complement system failure in patients with chronic prostatitis].

O V Teodorovich, M N Shatokhin, T V Mykolaenko

    Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)
    |November 10, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study investigated complement system changes in chronic prostatitis and the effectiveness of Andro-Gin treatment. Andro-Gin improved complement levels and regulatory factors, particularly in chronic bacterial prostatitis.

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    Published on: May 9, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Chronic prostatitis, both abacterial (CAP) and bacterial (CBP), involves complex immune system alterations.
    • The complement system plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response within prostatitis.
    • Understanding local and systemic complement changes is vital for effective treatment strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To detect local and systemic changes in the complement system in CAP and CBP patients.
    • To evaluate the corrective efficacy of the Andro-Gin (KAP-ELM-01) hardware-software complex on these changes.
    • To compare the effects of standard treatment versus standard treatment combined with Andro-Gin.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of complement system components and regulatory factors in blood plasma and local samples.
    • Assessment of changes before and after standard treatment and after combination therapy with Andro-Gin.
    • Utilizing the KAP-ELM-01 Andro-Gin complex for therapeutic intervention.

    Main Results:

    • CAP patients showed elevated complement components and Factor H, with low C1-inhibitor. CBP patients had elevated complement but low regulatory proteins.
    • Standard treatment partially corrected complement levels in CAP and CBP. Andro-Gin combination therapy further improved plasma and local complement profiles.
    • Andro-Gin demonstrated a more pronounced positive effect on complement system correction in CBP patients, particularly on C3a, C5a, and regulatory factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Andro-Gin administration effectively corrects systemic and local complement disorders in CAP and CBP.
    • The therapeutic benefits of Andro-Gin are more significant in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.
    • This suggests Andro-Gin as a valuable adjunct therapy for managing prostatitis-associated immune dysregulation.