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Related Concept Videos

Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex. This...
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact at a specific point known as the touchpoint. This contact reduces the resistance between...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback
05:43

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

Published on: May 23, 2019

Visuo-tactile integration in personal space.

Matthew R Longo1, Jason Jiri Musil, Patrick Haggard

  • 1Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom. m.longo@bbk.ac.uk

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|November 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multisensory integration relies on spatial proximity. This study found that visual and tactile information about the same finger are better integrated on the left hand than the right, suggesting lateralized spatial rules.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Multisensory integration is enhanced by spatial congruence.
  • Previous studies focused on large spatial differences (e.g., body midline, peripersonal vs. extrapersonal space).
  • The spatial constraints of integration within personal space (on the skin) remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate visuo-tactile integration within personal space.
  • To examine the role of the mirror box technique in manipulating spatial congruence.
  • To determine if spatial rules of integration are lateralized.

Main Methods:

  • Psychophysics and event-related potentials (ERPs) were used.
  • The mirror box technique created congruent or incongruent visuo-tactile stimuli on the fingers.
  • Participants judged which finger was touched on either the left or right hand.

Main Results:

  • Compatibility effects were observed for visuo-tactile judgments on the left hand, but not the right.
  • ERPs showed enhanced P200 and reduced N2 amplitudes for congruent stimuli on the left hand.
  • A later P300 positivity over posterior parietal cortex showed contralateral enhancement for congruent stimuli on both hands.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial constraints significantly influence visuo-tactile integration within personal space.
  • These spatial constraints exhibit clear lateralization, being more pronounced for the left hand.
  • The findings link precise spatial integration to processing in the right posterior parietal cortex.