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Related Concept Videos

Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
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Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
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Abusive suffocation presenting as new-onset seizure.

Resmiye Oral1, Feyza Koc, Jacob Smith

  • 1Child Protection Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.

Pediatric Emergency Care
|November 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Child abuse by suffocation is hard to detect as it lacks physical signs and mimics other conditions. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges, even with red flags present, emphasizing the need for vigilance in identifying abuse.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Forensic Pathology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Child abuse, particularly suffocation, presents diagnostic challenges due to subtle or absent external injuries.
  • Suffocation in infants often manifests as non-specific symptoms like apnea, cyanosis, or seizures, complicating diagnosis.
  • New-onset seizures can be misdiagnosed as idiopathic epilepsy, delaying the identification of abusive head trauma.

Observation:

  • This case report details an infant presenting with new-onset status epilepticus.
  • The clinical presentation mimicked an organic seizure disorder, obscuring the possibility of suffocation as the cause.
  • Despite recognizing potential red flags, the diagnosis of abuse by suffocation was initially challenging.

Findings:

  • Abuse by suffocation can present insidiously, without overt physical trauma.
  • The case underscores the difficulty in differentiating abusive suffocation from organic neurological conditions based solely on initial symptoms.
  • Vague symptoms like apnea and seizures in infants warrant a thorough investigation for non-accidental trauma.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for child abuse, even with non-specific presentations.
  • Diagnostic protocols should consider suffocation in the differential diagnosis for unexplained apnea, cyanosis, or new-onset seizures in infants.
  • Improved awareness and diagnostic approaches are crucial for timely identification and intervention in cases of abusive suffocation.