Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 27, 2026

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility
Published on: May 30, 2025
Emergency contraception counseling: an opportunity for pharmacists
Denise Ragland1, Nalin Payakachat, Songthip Ounpraseuth
1College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. dragland@uams.edu
Objective:
To determine the impact of pharmacist counseling on patients' knowledge of emergency contraception (EC).
Design:
Single-group, repeated-measures analysis.
Setting:
Academic medical center women's clinic in Little Rock, AR, between January and July 2010.
Participants:
116 women 18 years or older.
Intervention:
10-minute education session provided by a pharmacist or trained student pharmacist.
Main Outcome Measures:
Change in participants' test scores (range 0 [lowest possible] to 13 [highest possible]) at three assessment periods (pretest, posttest, and follow-up) using 12 knowledge questions.
Results:
116 participants with a mean (±SD) age of 25 ± 5.9 years participated in this study. Mean knowledge scores were 5.3 ± 4.1 for the pretest and 10.7 ± 1.4 for the posttest (P < 0.001). The least-squares mean EC knowledge test score (adjusted for demographics) was 5.86 at pretest, 10.75 at posttest, and 10.75 at follow-up. A nonsignificant small change in scores from posttest to follow-up was detected after the Tukey-Kramer adjustment. A higher education level was associated with higher knowledge scores in this population.
Conclusion:
Brief pharmacist-driven counseling sessions provided in a clinic setting are feasible and have a positive impact on immediate EC knowledge and long-term knowledge retention.
Related Concept Videos
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios
Birth Control Methods
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...

