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Related Concept Videos

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...

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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Hydrogen-bonding interactions in T-2 toxin studied using solution and solid-state NMR.

Praveen Chaudhary1, Roxanne A Shank, Tony Montina

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge AB T1K 3M4, Canada. praveen.chaudhary@uleth.ca

Toxins
|November 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) revealed distinct structural differences in T-2 toxin compared to its solution-state. These findings highlight crucial hydrogen-bonding interactions potentially influencing trichothecene toxicity and ribosome interactions.

Keywords:
T-2 toxinNMRchemical exchangedeuterium exchangeepoxidehydrogen-bondingribosometoxintrichothecenewater bridging

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Published on: November 2, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • T-2 toxin's solid-state structure is poorly defined by X-ray crystallography, lacking resolution for hydrogen bonds.
  • Solution-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies have yielded limited insights into T-2 toxin's hydrogen-bonding behavior.
  • Hydrogen bonds are critical for the biological activity of many compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the solid-state and solution-state structures of T-2 toxin.
  • To elucidate the role of hydrogen-bonding interactions in T-2 toxin's biological activity.
  • To explore the potential interaction of trichothecenes with ribosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of T-2 toxin structure in solid- and solution-states using NMR Spectroscopy.
  • Evaluation of carbon chemical shifts to identify structural differences.
  • Analysis of solution proton spectral parameters and chemical exchange behavior with water.

Main Results:

  • Significant structural divergence between the solid- and solution-states of T-2 toxin was observed.
  • Differences in carbon chemical shifts and proton spectral parameters confirmed structural variations.
  • Evidence of preferential hydrogen bonding involving the C-3 hydroxyl group and water was detected, located away from the epoxide ring.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the critical importance of solid-state NMR for characterizing biological molecules like T-2 toxin.
  • Identified hydrogen-bonding interactions suggest a potential mechanism for T-2 toxin's biological activity and ribosome interaction.
  • Further investigation of trichothecenes using solid-state NMR is recommended to understand their class-specific mechanisms.