Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 27, 2026

04:42
Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
Published on: May 2, 2025
Late-onset bipolar illness: the geriatric bipolar type VI
Jean-Michel Azorin1, Arthur Kaladjian, Marc Adida
1Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie-Solaris, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Cedex, France. jazorin@ap-hm.fr
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
|November 11, 2011
Summary
Late-onset bipolar illness (LOBI) is complex and understudied. Research highlights LOBI
Area of Science:
- Geriatric Psychiatry
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Late-onset bipolar illness (LOBI) remains understudied despite advances in bipolar disorder research and geriatric psychiatry.
- The complexity of LOBI necessitates a comprehensive review of existing literature to update current understanding.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize current data on late-onset bipolar illness (LOBI).
- To identify and analyze key issues surrounding LOBI, including its epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was conducted.
- The review focused on identifying and analyzing five main issues related to LOBI.
Main Results:
- Key issues identified include LOBI as a secondary disorder, an expression of lower vulnerability, a pseudodementia subtype, a dementia risk factor, and bipolar type VI.
- Evidence levels varied across these identified issues.
- The concept of bipolar type VI, while potentially encompassing diverse presentations, offers pragmatic clinical value for diagnosis and treatment orientation.
Conclusions:
- Further research is crucial to investigate LOBI as a potential risk factor for developing dementia.
- More studies are needed to differentiate the effects of age at onset from the effects of aging itself on LOBI.
- The concept of bipolar type VI warrants further consideration for its clinical utility in managing LOBI.
Related Concept Videos
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
