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Related Concept Videos

Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
The Stanford Prison Experiment03:20

The Stanford Prison Experiment

The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.
The X̄ Chart00:58

The X̄ Chart

The  x̄ chart is a statistical tool for monitoring the means in a process.
The x̄ chart, often known as the individual control chart, is a crucial tool in statistical process control. It is designed to monitor process behavior and performance over time and is widely used in various industries to ensure that processes are operating at their optimum capacity and within specified limits.
A x̄ chart is constructed by plotting individual measurements of a quality characteristic in the order in which...
Milgram's Obedience to Authority02:20

Milgram's Obedience to Authority

Obedience to authority is classically demonstrated in a more famous series of social psychology experiments performed by Stanley Milgram. He was a social psychology professor at Yale who was influenced by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal. Eichmann’s defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was “just following orders.”
X-Inactivation01:58

X-Inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
X-inactivation01:58

X-inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Atomic Force Microscopy Measurements of Cartilage in Intact and Regenerating Axolotl Limbs
09:19

Atomic Force Microscopy Measurements of Cartilage in Intact and Regenerating Axolotl Limbs

Published on: October 11, 2024

Axl of evil?

Andrew E Aplin

    The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
    |November 11, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The study reveals that Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is highly expressed in melanoma, driving cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Targeting the Gas6-Axl pathway may inhibit aggressive melanoma progression.

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    Published on: April 12, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are crucial in skin cancer development.
    • The specific role of the Axl RTK in melanoma remains unclear.
    • Understanding RTK involvement is key to developing targeted cancer therapies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the expression and function of Axl in melanoma.
    • To determine the mechanisms of Axl activation in melanoma cells.
    • To assess the potential of targeting the Gas6-Axl axis for melanoma treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of Axl expression in melanoma cell lines.
    • Investigation of Axl activation by its ligand Gas6.
    • Comparison of gene expression profiles from Axl-expressing cells with tumor signatures.
    • Functional assays to evaluate the role of Axl in cell invasion and migration.

    Main Results:

    • Axl is frequently expressed in melanoma cell lines, especially those with NRAS mutations.
    • Axl activation occurs through autocrine and paracrine Gas6 signaling.
    • Gene signatures of Axl-expressing cells resemble those of poorly differentiated, metastatic tumors.
    • Axl is essential for the invasive and migratory capabilities of melanoma cells.

    Conclusions:

    • The Gas6-Axl signaling pathway is implicated in melanoma cell invasion and metastasis.
    • Targeting the Gas6-Axl axis presents a potential therapeutic strategy for poorly differentiated melanomas.
    • Further investigation into Axl's role could lead to novel treatments for aggressive skin cancers.