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Updated: May 27, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
10:28

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

Biomaterials in skull base surgery.

Wolfgang Maier1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Freiburg Medical School and Clinics, Freiburg, Germany.

GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
|November 11, 2011
PubMed
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Skull base reconstruction utilizes diverse materials, including autotransplants and advanced implants. Techniques are evolving for hard tissue repair, favoring custom implants and titanium for complex defects.

Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial surgery
  • Biomaterials science
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Skull base reconstruction techniques have rapidly advanced.
  • Material selection varies significantly for duraplasties versus hard tissue reconstruction.
  • Traditional materials like polymethylmethacrylate bone cement are declining due to toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current reconstruction materials and techniques for skull base defects.
  • To highlight organ-specific differences in hard tissue reconstruction.
  • To discuss the shift towards patient-specific implants and advanced biomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in skull base reconstruction materials.
  • Analysis of techniques for duraplasties and hard tissue defect repair.
Keywords:
computer assisted surgeryorbital reconstructionprefabricationskull base reconstruction

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  • Comparison of autotransplants, alloplastic materials, and implantable devices.

    • Main Results:

    • Autotransplants, collagens, and resorbable alloplastics are preferred for duraplasties.
    • Bony autotransplants and intraoperative titanium nets are used for smaller to larger bony defects.
    • Custom-fit titanium/ceramic implants (CT-planned) and resorbable Polyglactin 901 for orbital floor defects are increasingly utilized.

    Conclusions:

    • Modern skull base reconstruction employs a range of materials tailored to defect type and location.
    • Patient-specific implants offer improved outcomes for visible and complex defects.
    • The trend is towards biocompatible, resorbable, or custom-designed implants, moving away from toxic materials.