Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Expert certificate : "Otological, neurotological, and (lateral) skull base surgery"].

HNO·2026
Same author

[Botulinum toxin reduces sweat-related problems for hearing aid users - a clinical study].

Laryngo- rhino- otologie·2026
Same author

Cochlear Implantation in Autoimmune Inner-Ear Disease: Outcome and Patient-Reported Benefit.

The Laryngoscope·2026
Same author

[Role of human papillomavirus vaccination in prevention of oropharyngeal cancer and recommendations for patients and relatives].

HNO·2026
Same author

Multicenter study results of the med-el partial ossicular replacement prostheses.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·2025
Same author

International expert consensus on gene therapy for hereditary hearing loss: Based on clinical trials.

Med (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same journal

Diagnostics and therapy of sudden hearing loss.

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery·2018
Same journal

Cochlear implant - state of the art.

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery·2018
Same journal

Current audiological diagnostics.

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery·2017
Same journal

Hearing aids: indications, technology, adaptation, and quality control.

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery·2017
Same journal

Tympanoplasty - news and new perspectives.

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery·2017
Same journal

Implantable hearing devices.

GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery·2017
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access
08:06

Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access

Published on: June 16, 2022

Passive and active middle ear implants.

Dirk Beutner1, Karl-Bernd Hüttenbrink

  • 1Universitäts-HNO-Klinik, Köln, Germany.

GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
|November 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modern ear microsurgery aims to reconstruct the sound conduction apparatus using autogenous ossicles or alloplastic materials. Implantable hearing aids offer a promising alternative for hearing restoration when passive implants face limitations.

Keywords:
implantable hearing aidsmiddle earmiddle ear implantstitaniumtympanoplasty

More Related Videos

Performing Repeated Intraoperative Impedance Telemetry Measurements during Cochlear Implantation
06:54

Performing Repeated Intraoperative Impedance Telemetry Measurements during Cochlear Implantation

Published on: August 4, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access
08:06

Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access

Published on: June 16, 2022

Performing Repeated Intraoperative Impedance Telemetry Measurements during Cochlear Implantation
06:54

Performing Repeated Intraoperative Impedance Telemetry Measurements during Cochlear Implantation

Published on: August 4, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Chronic middle ear disease necessitates sound conduction apparatus reconstruction.
  • Autogenous ossicles are preferred for partial reconstruction; alloplastic materials are used for total reconstruction.
  • Alloplastic materials require high biocompatibility and acoustic-mechanic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of passive and active middle ear implants.
  • To discuss the use of titanium implants in middle ear surgery.
  • To explore implantable hearing aids as an alternative for hearing restoration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on middle ear implants.
  • Discussion of materials used in ossicular reconstruction.
  • Analysis of limitations of passive implants and potential of active implants.

Main Results:

  • Titanium middle ear implants offer individual adaptation.
  • Passive implants face limitations due to tubal-middle-ear dysfunction.
  • Implantable hearing aids are a viable alternative for sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in middle ear implants continue to improve hearing restoration.
  • Active middle ear implants and implantable hearing aids represent promising future directions.
  • Further research is needed to overcome limitations in passive implant efficacy.