Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

Improved metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a trend analysis using prospective

Joachim Rosenbauer1, Axel Dost, Beate Karges

  • 1Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center at University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. joachim.rosenbauer@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de

Diabetes Care
|November 15, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Metabolic control improved in children with type 1 diabetes, with fewer severe hypoglycemia events. This trend in diabetes care was observed over a decade in Germany and Austria.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Diabetes Mellitus Research

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes management in pediatric populations requires ongoing assessment of metabolic control.
  • Longitudinal data are crucial for understanding trends in diabetes care and outcomes.
  • Identifying predictors of metabolic control aids in optimizing treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the temporal trends in metabolic control among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Germany and Austria.
  • To identify potential predictors influencing metabolic control over time.
  • To evaluate changes in the incidence of severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a large, multicenter, prospective longitudinal database (1995-2009) including 30,708 patients.
  • Application of generalized linear mixed regression models to assess trends and adjust for confounders.
  • Evaluation of factors including age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI-SDS, and insulin dosage as predictors.

Main Results:

  • Mean HbA1c levels significantly decreased from 8.7% to 8.1% between 1995 and 2009.
  • Treatment year, age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI-SDS, and insulin dose were significant predictors of metabolic control.
  • Rates of severe hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic coma significantly decreased, while diabetic ketoacidosis rates remained stable.

Conclusions:

  • Significant improvements in metabolic control and reductions in hypoglycemia were observed in pediatric type 1 diabetes patients over a decade.
  • The observed improvements were not solely attributed to changes in insulin treatment, suggesting the role of other factors like patient education.
  • Continued monitoring and research are essential for advancing type 1 diabetes management in young individuals.
Abstract

More Related Videos

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...