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Related Concept Videos

Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Determination of Zeta Potential via Nanoparticle Translocation Velocities through a Tunable Nanopore: Using DNA-modified Particles as an Example
08:42

Determination of Zeta Potential via Nanoparticle Translocation Velocities through a Tunable Nanopore: Using DNA-modified Particles as an Example

Published on: October 26, 2016

Nanoparticle ζ -potentials.

Tennyson L Doane1, Chi-Hung Chuang, Reghan J Hill

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding nanoparticle (NP) surface charge is crucial for nanotechnology applications. This study enhances electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) interpretation for ligand-coated NPs, providing a systematic method for accurate zeta-potential measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science and nanotechnology
  • Surface chemistry and electrokinetics

Background:

  • Electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) is essential for measuring zeta-potential (ζ-potential) of nanoparticles (NPs).
  • Interpreting electrophoretic mobility for ligand-coated NPs is complex, requiring advanced theoretical frameworks beyond classical models.
  • Nanomaterials in catalysis, self-assembly, and biomedicine rely on understanding particle surface charge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend classical theories (Smoluchowski, Hückel, Henry) to contemporary theories for ligand-coated NPs.
  • To provide a systematic method for quantitatively interpreting NP electrophoretic mobility.
  • To explore how NP surface curvature influences properties and guide rational NP design.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental considerations for NP electrophoretic mobility measurements.
  • Application of extended electrokinetic models (e.g., Ohshima, Hill, Saville, Russel) for ligand-coated NPs.
  • Analysis of PEGylated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as an illustrative example, considering parameters like coating thickness and permeability.

Main Results:

  • Identified conditions where numerical solutions (O'Brien and White) are preferred over analytical approximations (Henry).
  • Developed a method to relate measured NP mobility to ζ-potential and surface charge using key ligand-coated NP parameters.
  • Demonstrated that surface curvature of NPs affects their properties, offering design guidelines for catalysis and drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a robust framework for interpreting ELS data from ligand-coated NPs.
  • Anion adsorption on Au NP cores may enhance the stability of NP-drug conjugates.
  • This work aids nanochemists, biomedical, and materials engineers in understanding NP dynamics and designing advanced nanomaterials.