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Related Concept Videos

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Introductory Analysis and Validation of CUT&RUN Sequencing Data
04:58

Introductory Analysis and Validation of CUT&RUN Sequencing Data

Published on: December 13, 2024

Speed reading for genes: bookmarks set the pace.

Nicole E Follmer1, Nicole J Francis

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Developmental Cell
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitotic gene bookmarking ensures genes are ready for reactivation after cell division. This process accelerates the reestablishment of transcription, crucial for cell-cycle progression.

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A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Transcription largely halts during mitosis.
  • Mitotic gene bookmarking is essential for restoring gene expression post-mitosis.
  • This mechanism ensures proper cell-cycle progression.

Discussion:

  • Zhao et al. (2011) explored the mechanisms behind accelerated transcriptional reactivation.
  • The study links gene bookmarking to faster kinetics of gene expression recovery.
  • Understanding these kinetics is vital for comprehending cell division fidelity.

Key Insights:

  • Mitotic gene bookmarking actively facilitates rapid transcriptional reactivation.
  • This process is key to re-establishing cell-specific transcription patterns.
  • Accelerated kinetics ensure efficient progression through the cell cycle.

Outlook:

  • Further research can elucidate the precise molecular players in gene bookmarking.
  • Investigating bookmarking in different cell types could reveal broader roles.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting transcription regulation may emerge from these findings.