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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

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A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro
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E4BP4: an unexpected player in the immune response.

Victoria Male1, Ilaria Nisoli, Duncan M Gascoyne

  • 1Section of Immunology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

Trends in Immunology
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The transcription factor E4BP4 (also known as NFIL3) is crucial for immune responses. It regulates the development and function of various immune cells, including NK cells and dendritic cells.

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Overcoming Unresponsiveness in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Resistant Mouse Strains by Adoptive Transfer and Antigenic Challenge
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08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Transcription Factors

Background:

  • Basic leucine zipper transcription factor E4BP4 (NFIL3) was primarily known for its role in circadian rhythm.
  • Recent studies using E4BP4-deficient mice have uncovered its significant involvement in the immune system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of E4BP4 in regulating immune cell development and function.
  • To highlight E4BP4 as a key regulator of diverse hematopoietic lineages and immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of E4BP4 knockout (E4bp4(-/-)) mouse models.
  • Analysis of immune cell populations and functions in the absence of E4BP4.

Main Results:

  • E4BP4 is essential for the development of Natural Killer (NK) cells.
  • E4BP4 plays a critical role in the development of CD8α(+) conventional dendritic cells.
  • E4BP4 influences macrophage activation, CD4(+) T cell polarization, and B cell class switching to IgE.

Conclusions:

  • E4BP4 is a vital regulator of multiple aspects of the immune response.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of E4BP4 in immunology.