Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection

Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
Head and Neck

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...

Data Collection III

Data Collection III

The physical assessment examines the patient for objective data that defines the patient's condition, and aids in formulating the nursing care plan. The purpose of physical assessment is a health status appraisal, which includes identifying health problems, and establishing a database for nursing intervention.
The principles to begin the physical assessment include conducting a comprehensive or problem-related history in a quiet, well-lit room, emphasizing privacy and comfort for the patient.

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Accuracy of colposcopy to triage HPV-positive women in cervical cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

EClinicalMedicine·2026

Same author

Distribution of human papilloma virus genotypes in cancerous lesions of cervix: Insights from a hospital-based study in Bangladesh.

Journal of education and health promotion·2026

Same author

Prevalence, time trends and associated factors of adult overweight and obesity in 36 countries in the WHO African region from 2003 to 2022: a study of 54 WHO STEPS surveys representing 156 million adults.

BMJ global health·2026

Same author

Cervical high-risk human papillomavirus infection and its associated risk factors: a community-based cross-sectional study in hard-to-reach areas in Bangladesh.

BMJ open·2025

Same author

High-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among women of hill districts in Bangladesh.

PloS one·2025

Same author

Prevalence, Awareness, and Treatment of Hypertension in 37 African Countries: Trends From 2003 to 2022.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Published on: June 14, 2019

Visual inspection methods for cervical cancer prevention.

Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan¹, Ashrafun Nessa, Pulikattil Okkuru Esmy

¹Early Detection and Prevention Section and Screening Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France. sankar@iarc.fr

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology

|November 15, 2011

Summary

Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) offers a cost-effective approach for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource settings. While its sensitivity is moderate, VIA screening significantly reduces cervical cancer incidence and precancerous lesions.

More Related Videos

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy

Published on: August 19, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Published on: June 14, 2019

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy

Published on: August 19, 2021

Area of Science:

Gynecology
Public Health
Oncology

Background:

Cervical cancer prevention in low-resource countries requires simple, cost-effective screening methods.
Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is a widely evaluated approach due to its accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for cervical cancer screening.
To assess the impact of VIA screening on cervical cancer incidence and precancerous lesions in resource-limited settings.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials evaluating VIA screening.
Analysis of pooled sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+).

Main Results:

Pooled sensitivity and specificity for VIA were 80% and 92% respectively, but realistic sensitivity is around 50%.
A single round of VIA screening demonstrated a 25-35% reduction in cervical cancer incidence and CIN2+ frequency.
Low positive predictive value (10%) highlights limitations in specificity.

Conclusions:

Despite limitations in accuracy and reproducibility, VIA screening is a pragmatic approach for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource countries.
VIA implementation can build essential infrastructure and human resources for future advancements like HPV testing.
VIA remains a valuable tool for reducing cervical cancer burden where resources are scarce.