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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
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Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

3D Culturing of Organoids from the Intestinal Villi Epithelium Undergoing Dedifferentiation
06:40

3D Culturing of Organoids from the Intestinal Villi Epithelium Undergoing Dedifferentiation

Published on: April 1, 2021

Interconversion between intestinal stem cell populations in distinct niches.

Norifumi Takeda1, Rajan Jain, Matthew R LeBoeuf

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified Hopx as a marker for +4 intestinal stem cells. These +4 cells can generate crypt base columnar (CBC) cells, and CBCs can generate +4 cells, revealing a bidirectional relationship between stem cell types.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

3D Culturing of Organoids from the Intestinal Villi Epithelium Undergoing Dedifferentiation
06:40

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Published on: April 1, 2021

Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
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The Organoid Reconstitution Assay (ORA) for the Functional Analysis of Intestinal Stem and Niche Cells
09:38

The Organoid Reconstitution Assay (ORA) for the Functional Analysis of Intestinal Stem and Niche Cells

Published on: November 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Intestinal epithelial stem cells are crucial for tissue homeostasis.
  • Two distinct stem cell populations, +4 cells and crypt base columnar (CBC) cells, reside in different niches.
  • The relationship between +4 and CBC cells remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the relationship between +4 and CBC intestinal stem cells.
  • To identify specific markers for distinct intestinal stem cell populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Hopx as a specific marker for +4 cells.
  • Investigated lineage tracing and cell fate determination in the intestinal crypt.

Main Results:

  • Hopx is a specific marker for the quiescent +4 intestinal stem cell population.
  • +4 Hopx-expressing cells can differentiate into CBC cells and all other intestinal epithelial lineages.
  • Crypt base columnar (CBC) cells can also differentiate into +4 Hopx-positive cells.

Conclusions:

  • A bidirectional lineage relationship exists between active (CBC) and quiescent (+4) intestinal stem cells.
  • This bidirectional relationship highlights a dynamic stem cell hierarchy in the intestinal epithelium.